29 beautiful Cassini images (and a few fun facts)

29 beautiful Cassini images (and a few fun facts)

The Cassini spacecraft has opened our eyes to the wonders of Saturn and its moons like Enceladus and Titan with some amazing pictures - here are some of our favourites of the planet, its rings and moons, including the last one ever taken.

Published: September 14, 2017 at 11:00 pm

Saturn’s north pole Hexagon © NASA
Saturn’s north pole Hexagon © NASA

On Friday 15 September 2017 the Cassini spacecraft will end its mission by burning up in the atmosphere of Saturn. We look back as some of the amazing photographs and images taken by the instruments on the probe.

Infrared view of clouds in Saturn's northern hemisphere © NASA
Infrared view of clouds in Saturn's northern hemisphere © NASA

There are 32.7kg of radioactive plutonium fuel on-board Cassini

Saturn moon Iapetus © NASA
Saturn moon Iapetus © NASA

Iapetus' orbit is so wide you would be able to see the rings of Saturn from the surface.

Rings around Saturn © NASA
Rings around Saturn © NASA

The Cassini spacecraft weighs 2,150kg, around the same astwo walruses.

Saturn casts a shadow in its rings © NASA
Saturn casts a shadow in its rings © NASA

As of July 2017, Cassini has taken some 379,300 images.

Saturn in full © NASA
Saturn in full © NASA

There has been more than 3,600 scientific papers published with Cassini data.

Earth (indicated by arrow) seen behind Saturn © NASA
Earth (indicated by arrow) seen behind Saturn © NASA

Saturn is the most distant planet in the Solar System that is obviously visible to the human eye from Earth.

North pole of Saturn in approximate true colour © NASA
North pole of Saturn in approximate true colour © NASA

When Cassini begins its death plunge it will be on its 293rd orbit of Saturn.

Enceladus © NASA
Enceladus © NASA

Cassini has been programmed todisintegratein Saturn's atmosphere so that it doesn't crash into its moons and contaminate the surface. This is particularly important for Enceladus, which is our mostpromising candidatefor finding extra-terrestrial life.

Jupiter and IO © NASA
Jupiter and IO © NASA

In 2000 Cassini made a flyby of Jupiter for course correction and acceleration.

Panoramic of Saturn's rings © NASA
Panoramic of Saturn's rings © NASA

Saturns rings measure 273,000km across, yet are only 20km thick.

Saturn moon Phoebe © NASA
Saturn moon Phoebe © NASA

Phoebe is only 200km across and its low density means ice is a major constituent.

Saturn moon Epimethus with Titan in the background © NASA
Saturn moon Epimethus with Titan in the background © NASA

Cassini has discovered 10 new moons around Saturn, with six confirmed, three provisional and one that potentiallytemporary.

Iapetus' mountain range © NASA
Iapetus' mountain range © NASA

This mountain range exactly over the equator of Iapetus is 20km high and was probably formed from debris from Saturn's ring system.

Saturn moon Mimas © NASA
Saturn moon Mimas © NASA

Mimas has a large crater named after William Herschel, who discovered the moon in 1789 - it lookseerily like the Death Starfrom Star Wars.

Geysers of Enceladus © NASA
Geysers of Enceladus © NASA

The spacecraft's top speed was 122,900 km/h.

Storms on Saturn © NASA
Storms on Saturn © NASA

Storms like this in the northern hemisphere of the planet occur every 30 years.

Brann © NASA
Brann © NASA

Cassini was in the shadow of Saturn when it took this photo. Mars, Venus, Earth and the Moon can all be seen around the edge of the planet, and the outer purple band is formed from dust and ice particles from the geysers ofEnceladus.

Titan's topography © NASA
Titan's topography © NASA

The dark areas on the surface of Saturnian moon Titan are lakes of liquid ethane and methane.

Ring King © NASA
Ring King © NASA

Cassini was launched on 15 October 1997 and arrived in orbit of Saturn on 1 July 2004.

Saturn moon Tethys © NASA
Saturn moon Tethys © NASA

Since April Cassini has been performing daring plunges between the clouds and rings ofSaturn, with the hope of being able to weigh the rings. If they prove to be low-massit means they must be relatively new, else they would have eroded away over time.

Tethys and Enceladus align © NASA
Tethys and Enceladus align © NASA

The mission will cost around $3.26bn in total, with the European Space Agencycontributing $500m to the total.

Saturn moon Hyperion © NASA
Saturn moon Hyperion © NASA

Hyperion is a small moon (360x260x205km)with an chaotic rotation.

Saturnian moon Tethys © NASA
Saturnian moon Tethys © NASA

The Cassini spacecraft is named afterItalian-French astronomerGiovanni Domenico Cassini, who discovered Saturn's ring divisions and four of its moons.

Infrared image of Titan © NASA
Infrared image of Titan © NASA

Due to being further from the Sun and at a lower temperature, the clouds form at a deeper level in the atmosphere compared to Jupitermaking them less striking (though still beautiful in our eyes).

Saturn moon Daphnis © NASA
Saturn moon Daphnis © NASA

Although on eight kilometreswide, Daphnis creates a gravitational pull on Saturn's rings causing a ripple effects.

The Saturnian moon Phoebe © NASA
The Saturnian moon Phoebe © NASA

Cassini passed within 12,000km of Phoebe to take this shot, a tiny distance in astronomy.

Saturn's north pole © NASA
Saturn's north pole © NASA

The tumultuous cyclone at Saturn's north pole is 8,000km across with clouds measuring tens of kilometres tall.

Impact Site: Cassini's Final Image © NASA
Impact Site: Cassini's Final Image © NASA

It seems fitting that the final image in this collection should be the last one taken by the Cassini probe as it made its descent into Saturn's atmosphere. Taken on 14 September 2017 at19:59 UTC (spacecraft event time) and at adistance of 634,000 kilometersabove the planet, this photo is the final record of Cassini's 13-year journey.

Discover more about NASA'sCassiniprobe and mission before its final plunge into the planet's atmosphere inCassini’s Last Hurrahfrom issue 310ofBBC Focusmagazine - make sure you don’t miss out on the full article every issue andsubscribe here.

© Getty Images