A large group of people who have naturally-controlled HIV without the need for drugs has been discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo, leading to hopes of eventually finding a cure, scientists have said.
While “elite controllers” of HIV have been found across the globe before, experts believe this is one of the largest groups to date in one region who have naturally-controlled infection.They hope the group could help uncover links between natural virus suppression and future treatments, as scientists work towards finding a cure.
Elite controllers are people who maintain low or undetectable viral loads for many years without needing to take antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although there are no precise figures, they are thought to make up about 0.1 per cent to 0.2 per cent of the HIV-positive population.
Previous studies have suggested several things could be at play, including a defective type of HIV and a rare immune response to the virus.
The new study, published in the journal eBioMedicine, was from a team including Abbott Diagnostics, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the US.
Researchers screened 10,457 people and found a group of 429 who were HIV antibody-positive but were negative for HIV viral load.The prevalence of HIV elite controllers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was found to be 2.7-4.3 per cent – compared to a 0.1-2 per cent prevalence worldwide.
The researchers concluded that this presents an opportunity for them to study whether there is a genetic component helping to suppress the virus.
“Global surveillance work keeps us ahead of emerging infectious diseases – and in this instance we realised we had found something that could be another step toward unlocking a cure for HIV," said Dr Michael Berg, associate research fellow in infectious disease research at Abbott, and lead author of the study.
“The global research community has more work to do – but harnessing what we learn from this study and sharing it with other researchers puts us closer to new treatments that could possibly eliminate HIV.”
In the UK, estimates suggest there were 105 200 people living with HIV in 2019.Some 94 per cent of these people are diagnosed, but 6 per cent are unaware they have HIV.
Most (98 per cent) people diagnosed with HIV in the UK are on treatment, and 97 per cent of those on treatment are virally suppressed, which means they cannot pass the virus on.
“Scientific progress in our understanding of HIV continues to move at a fast pace," said Dr Michael Brady, medical director at the Terrence Higgins Trust.“Thanks to modern, effective treatments, people living with HIV will now live long and healthy lives and can be confident that they won’t pass the virus on to their partners.
“However, we still need to keep working towards the development of an effective vaccine and, eventually, a cure. The more we are able to understand the relationship between the virus and our immune systems, the closer we can get to that goal.”
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